18^th International Conference on Laboratory Medicine and Pathology October 23-24, 2019 Frankfurt, Germany

\r\n Cancer Pathology is utilized to help in the finding of malignancy, also helps in the investigation of certain irresistible infections and other provocative conditions. Tumour pathology is used on trial of free cells or tissue parts, as opposed Histopathology to which concentrates whole tissues.

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\r\n Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine is the process of determining which disease or condition explains a person's symptoms and signs. It is most often mentioned to an analysis with the medical context being implicit. The information required for diagnosis is characteristically collected from a history and physical examination of the person seeking medical care. A diagnosis, in the sense of diagnostic technique, can be regarded as an attempt at classification of an individual's disorder into isolated and distinct categories that allow medical decisions about cure and prognosis to be made.

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\r\n                                                                     Cytopathology is a symptomatic strategy that analyses cells from different body destinations to decide the reason or the idea of ailment. The main cytopathology test created was the Pap test which has been broadly used over the most recent 50 years for screening and diagnosing of cervical disease and its forerunners. 

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\r\n Cytopathologists analyse cells that have been (shed), scratched from the body or suctioned with a fine needle. Cell examples are prepared into slides and inspected minutely for the conclusion of malignancy, precancerous conditions, benevolent tumours and some irresistible conditions. The test outcomes are imparted to the essential doctor for restorative or surgical treatment and follow up for the patients. Since the improvement of the Pap test, the act of cytopathology has extended to incorporate examples from about all body destinations. Cell tests are taken for examination as a feature of numerous analytic tests, for example, bronchoscopy or cystoscopy. Furthermore, about any tissue mass can be inspected and analyzed by fine needle desire biopsy. In this method, cells are suctioned from masses just beneath the skin in the specialist's office or amid a radiologic examination. This approach permits determination of a sore with insignificant distress to the patient and aides the essential doctor in the subsequent stages in understanding development.

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\r\n Histopathology is the science or study managing the cytological and histologic structure of the unusual or ailing tissue. Despite of the fact that it alludes to the minuscule examination of tissue with a specific end goal to contemplate the appearances of the malady. The analysis of tissues is called as tissue cytology and shows the classical example of the fact that how the body is working altogether. In clinical drug, histopathology alludes to the examination of a biopsy or surgical example by a pathologist, after the example has been handled and histological areas have been put onto glass slides. Conversely, cytopathology looks at free cells or tissue sections. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) alludes to the way toward recognizing antigens (e.g. proteins) in cells of a tissue segment by misusing the standard of antibodies restricting particularly to antigens in natural tissues.

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\r\n Histology, There are four fundamental sorts of tissues: muscle tissue, sensory tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue. All tissue writes are subtypes of these four essential tissues composes (for instance, platelets are delegated connective tissue, since they for the most part begin inside bone marrow).

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\r\n Histopathology, the infinitesimal investigation of unhealthy tissue, is a critical instrument in anatomical pathology since exact analysis of tumour and different sicknesses for the most part requires histopathological tests.

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\r\n Tissue Engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physiochemical factors to improve or replace biological tissues. Tissue engineering involves the use of a scaffold for the formation of new viable tissue for a medical purpose. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own.

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\r\n What is Tissue Engineering? What tissue engineering is and how it works?

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\r\n While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage,[1] blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.

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\r\n Clinical pathology also termed as Clinical analysis or Clinical or Medical Biology, is a medical domain that is associated with the analysis of disease centered on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids, such as urine, blood and tissue homogenates or extracts using the tools of chemistry, hematology, microbiology and molecular pathology. This domain needs a medical residency. Clinical pathology offers biochemical analysis of blood and urine for the determination of electrolyte status, diabetic control, markers of tissue destruction, and a host of other constituents in serum and plasma that specify a patient's degree of health or disease.

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\r\n Molecular pathology is an evolving branch within pathology which is concentrated in the study and analysis of disease through the investigation of molecules within organs, tissues or bodily fluids. Molecular pathology shares some characteristics of practice with anatomic pathology as well as clinical pathology, molecular biology, biochemistry, proteomics, and genetics, and is sometimes considered as a "crossover" branch. It is multi-disciplinary in nature and focuses chiefly on the sub-microscopic characteristics of the disease. A key consideration is that more precise diagnosis is possible when the diagnosis is based on both the morphologic variations in tissues (traditional anatomic pathology) and on molecular testing.

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\r\n Clinical Hematology or Haematology is the division of medicine related to the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases associated with blood. Hematology comprises the study of etiology. It involves curing diseases that disturb the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, spleen, blood proteins, haemoglobin, platelets, bone marrow, blood vessels, and the mechanism of coagulation. Such diseases might consist of blood clots, haemophilia, blood cancers such as leukemia, myeloma, and lymphoma; and other bleeding disorders. The laboratory work related to the study of blood is often accomplished by a medical scientist or medical laboratory technologist. Many of the haematologists work as haematologists- oncologists also providing medical cure for all sorts of cancer.

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\r\n                                                                            Oral Pathology and maxillofacial pathology alludes to the sicknesses of the mouth, jaws and related structures, for example, salivary organs, temporomandibular joints, facial muscles and perioral skin (the skin around the mouth). It Comprises of Microscopic research of biopsy examples, Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Oral growths, injuries and surgery in pediatric patients and recreation of maxillofacial deformities. The Division of oral and maxillofacial pathology and Radiology cover the zones of oral determination, oral pathology and oral radiology.

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\r\n Gynaecologic and Obstetrics Pathology is the medical pathology subspecialty dealing with the study and diagnosis of disease involving the female genital tract, which includes vagina, uterus, and ovaries and the breasts. Obstetrics Pathology is the study of diagnosis and diseases involve during pregnancy and childbirth, and the postpartum period. A physician who practices Gynaecologic Pathology is a Gynaecologic Pathologist Obstetrics Pathology is the study of diagnosis and diseases involve during pregnancy and childbirth, and the postpartum period. A physician who practices 

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• \r\n Pathology of vagina
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• \r\n Cervical Pathology
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• \r\n Pathology of Uterus
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• \r\n Pathology of Fallopian tube
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• \r\n Pathology of Ovaries
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• \r\n Pathogenesis of Ovarian Cancer
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• \r\n Breast Pathology
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• \r\n Complications of Previable Pregnancy
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• \r\n Pregnancy with abortive outcome
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• \r\n Complications of labour
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• \r\n Gestational Diseases and the Placenta
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• \r\n Disorders Originating in prenatal period
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• \r\n Non-epithelial ovarian cancer
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• \r\n Breast Cancer
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\r\n The head and neck regions are susceptible to a number of diseases. These regions are home to many important organs and structures, such as:  thyroid, oral cavity, tongue, larynx, salivary glands (Specialized doctors called neuropathologists handle pathologies of the eyes and the brain.) Cancerous and noncancerous tumours, infections, inflammations, and other conditions can affect any of these structures, causing repercussions throughout the body.

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\r\n The Sector of Laboratory Medicine has a long and proud tradition of providing leading edge clinical care, outstanding biomedical research, and comprehensive education in our field. A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are usually done on clinical specimens in order to obtain information about the health of a patient as appendage to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Clinical laboratories are thus focused on applied science mainly on a production-like basis, as opposed to research laboratories that focus on basic science on an academic basis.

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\r\n Surgical Pathology is the research of tissues expelled from living patients amid surgery to help analyze a malady and decide a treatment arrange. Surgical pathology includes gross and minute examination of surgical examples, and additionally biopsies put together by specialists and non-specialists, for example, general internists, therapeutic subspecialists, dermatologists, and interventional radiologists. The Division of Surgical pathology is in charge of the histological research of biopsies and surgical resections of real organ frameworks.                                

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\r\n Pediatric pathology is the branch of surgical pathology deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of children. A Pediatric pathologist is expert in diagnosis of diseases occur during foetal growth and child development. Pediatric pathologists work closely with paediatricians and are base in general pathology and normal growth and development of the body.

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• \r\n Perinatal gastrointestinal pathology
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• \r\n Hirschsprung’s disease
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• \r\n Tufting enteropathy
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• \r\n Gastric pathology in pediatric Crohn’s disease
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• \r\n Microvillus inclusion disease
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\r\n Ophthalmic pathology or ocular pathology is a highly specialized branch of the medical laboratory and combined study of surgical pathology and ophthalmology which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the eyes. Ophthalmic pathologists generally work closely with ophthalmologists.

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\r\n AI & Robotics in Lab medicine are rapid changes in healthcare coupled with parallel advances in technology have stimulated the evolution of new approaches for laboratory automation. In particular, the emergence of commercially available laboratory robotic systems and Artificial Intelligence offers promise for streamlining the clinical laboratory. Increasing cost-containment pressures make the application of this technology extremely attractive, and several organizations have begun to systematically integrate robotic devices and artificial intelligence into their laboratory automation schemes. Integration of these technologies, however, presents many challenges for software developers, instrument manufacturers, and laboratory workers. Differing needs across laboratories require flexibility and intelligence in robots, instruments, and control systems. Standardization of mechanical and electronic interfaces will be the key role to making these systems easy to integrate. Systems engineering, aided by simulation modeling and artificial intelligence schemes, will be important to assist in the design of optimal configurations. Software for the overall control of integrated automation will be needed that can be tailored by the laboratory- Nan to fit the requirements of the individual laboratory. Thus, laboratory workers will need to be actively involved in implementing this new wave of laboratory automation, becoming well-versed in computers, electronics, and systems engineering.

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\r\n Physiology is the study of the function of body parts and the body as a whole. Some specializations within each of these sciences follow: Gross (macroscopic) Anatomy is the study of body parts visible to the naked eye, such as the heart or bones.

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\r\n Diagnostic Cytopathology Essentials is a succinct yet comprehensive guide to diagnosis in both non-gynaecological and gynaecological cytology. It provides quick answers to diagnostic problems in the cytological interpretation and recognition of a wide range of disease entities. Fine needle aspiration cytology is an inexpensive, a traumatic technique for the diagnosis of disease sites. It illustrates how it may be applied to the management of tumors throughout the body. The limitations of the method, the dangers of false positive reports, and the inevitability of false negative diagnoses are emphasized. In a clinical context, the method has much to offer by saving patients from inappropriate operations and investigations and allowing surgeons to plan quickly and more rationally. It is an economically valuable technique and deserves greater recognition.

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\r\n In the recent studies, 1607 FNACs of 1333 patients which were classified according to the Bethesda system and 126 histopathological evaluations obtained from this group were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 51.24 (range: 17-89, 17% male and 83% female). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy rates were evaluated.

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• \r\n Comprehensive Cytopathology
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• \r\n Cytopathology in Laboratory Medicine Technology
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• \r\n Cytology in the diagnosis of breast disease
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• \r\n Cytopathology in future medicine
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